我国经济发展南北差距:基本判断、主要原因与政策建议

The North-South Gap in China:Basic Judgments,Main Causes,and Policy Recommendations

我国经济发展的南北差距已成为区域协调发展的重点问题。分析2000—2020年南北区域经济指标发现:2008年国际金融危机爆发以后,南北差距开始显现并逐步拉大。其中,东北地区是导致南北差距的重点区域,人口流失与经济发展滞后的恶性循环业已形成。普遍性地依赖投资驱动型经济增长模式、资本效率低下、创新驱动发展动能不足导致北方地区经济发展模式转型艰难,这是南北差距的主要原因。为遏制南北差距拉大,切实推进区域协调发展,提出以下政策建议:首先,政策方面需更加重视,应当把遏制南北差距拉大作为我国区域协调发展的重中之重。其次,需推进北方地区经济发展模式转变,这是缩小南北差距的根本。第三,需注重“分区施策”,并与国家整体区域发展布局相融合。最后,北方地区要注重大力提升经济发展的软环境以及大力挖掘本地区的创新资源。

The economic development gap between the North and the South has become a prominent problem of balanced regional economic development in China.This paper conducts a statistical analysis of the north-south gap from 2000 to 2020,and presents a basic judgment of the north-south gap.After the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008,the north-south gap appeared and gradually widened.Especially,the relative decline of northeast China has most prominently ledto the north-south gap,forming a vicious circle of population loss and relatively backward economic development.On the main reasons for the north-south gap,this paper finds that the northern region is generally more dependent on the investment-driven economic growth model where the capital efficiency is lower,the innovation-driven development momentum is insufficient,and the business environment is relatively poor.These factors lead to the difficult transformation of the economic development model in the northern region.This paper offers some policy suggestions to curb the widening north-south gap.First of all,during the 14th Fiveyear Plan period,curbing the widening gap between the North and the South should be the top priority of China's coordinated regional development.Second,the key to narrow the north-south gap is the fundamental transformation of the economic development model of the northern region.Third,the regional development policy should consider the regional heterogeneity and adopt different policies for different regions,and should be integrated with the national overall regional development layout.Finally,the northern region should pay attention to improving the soft environment of economic development and excavating their own innovative resources.