保水缓释磷肥对夏玉米生长和叶片光合特性的影响

Effects of Water Retaining and Slow-Release Phosphorus Fertilizer on Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Growth of Summer Maize

农业灌溉用水资源不足和土壤磷素有效性不高是限制我国夏玉米高产优质的关键因素。为探究自制的保水缓释磷肥在夏玉米生产上的应用效果,于2020年在聊城大学环境土壤学试验站通过土柱栽培试验,以不施磷肥(CK)处理为对照,探究磷酸二铵(P)、缓释聚磷酸铵(APP)、保水剂负载磷酸二铵(SAP-P)和保水剂负载缓释聚磷酸铵(SAP-APP)对夏玉米生长和叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明:施用磷肥显著提高了夏玉米株高和叶面积。与P处理相比,APP、SAP-P和SAP-APP处理提高了夏玉米灌浆期叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和气孔导度(G_(s)),降低了胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))。APP和SAP-P处理籽粒产量无显著差异,但较P处理分别增产3.0%和4.3%。与APP和SAP-P处理相比,SAP-APP处理显著提高了夏玉米穗粒数,但对百粒重影响不显著。各处理籽粒产量以SAP-APP处理最高,较其它施磷处理产量增加8.8%~13.4%。因此,本研究所制备的保水型缓释磷肥能够改善夏玉米产量形成关键期叶片光合特性,在夏玉米生产中具有较好的应用前景。

The lack of irrigation water resources and low soil phosphorus availability are the main limitation factors for the production of maize in North China Plain.A column study was conducted in Liaocheng University to explore the effects of our novel prepared slow-release and high water retention phosphorus fertilizer on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize.There were 5 treatments included in the present study,no phosphorus treatment as control(CK),diammonium phosphate(P),ammonium poly-phosphate(APP),diammonium phosphate loaded superabsorbent(SAP-P)and SAP loaded APP(SAP-APP).The results indicated that the use of phosphorus fertilizer significantly promoted the plant height and leaf areas of summer maize.Compared with P treatment,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r))and stomatal conductance(G_(s))at the filling stage in APP,SAP-P and SAP-APP treatments were enhanced while the intercellular CO_(2)content(C_(i))significantly decreased.The grain yields between APP and SAP-P was nearly the same,which were 3.0%and 4.3%higher than P treatment.The biomass and grains per plant were improved,and the grain yield was 8.8%~13.4%higher than other phosphorus application treatments by using SAP-APP.Therefore,our newly developed slow-release phosphorus fertilizers with high water retention can enhance the photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize and have great potential to apply in North China plain.