中国城乡公共文化服务均等化时空演化特征与形成机理

The Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Formation Mechanism of the Equalization of Public Cultural Services in Urban and Rural Areas in China

城乡公共文化服务均等化的研究对测度、分析、评价我国城乡公共文化服务质量差距,研判其主要影响因素,进而研究如何缩小城乡公共文化服务差距有重要意义。在构建公共文化服务评价指标体系的基础上,运用熵值法、信息熵、地理探测器等对我国城乡公共文化服务均等化水平的时序变化、空间演化、形成机理进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)我国城乡公共文化服务均等化水平保持了稳定增长。空间分布上呈现沿“东—西—中”逐渐递减的分布特征。(2)在增长速度上,东、中部地区均等化水平保持稳定增长,西部地区均等化水平呈下降趋势。(3)在类型划分上,LLL类型(即城市低、农村低、信息熵低)是最主要分布类型。(4)东、西、中三大区域间,公共文化服务在城市层面差距呈缩小趋势,在农村层面差距不断增大。(5)影响城乡公共文化服务质量空间分异的主要因素为人均财政文化支出、人均文化事业费、财政文化支出占比、人均GDP,且存在明显的时空异质性。依据上述分析结果,最后提出了优化调控城乡公共文化服务均等化的对策和建议。

The research on the equalization of urban and rural public cultural services is of great significance for measuring,analyzing,and evaluating the quality gap between urban and rural public cultural services in China,as well as judging its main influencing factors,and then studying how to narrow the gap between urban and rural public cultural services. Based on constructing the evaluation index system of public cultural services,this paper analyzes the temporal change,spatial evolution,and formation mechanism of the equalization level of urban and rural public cultural services in China by using the entropy method,information entropy,and geographical detector. The results show that :(1)the equalization level of urban and rural public cultural services in China has maintained steady growth. In terms of spatial distribution,it shows a gradually decreasing distribution feature along the "east-west-central".(2)In terms of growth rate,the equalization level in the eastern and central regions maintains a steady growth while showing a downward trend in the western region.(3) In terms of type classification,LLL type(i.e. low urban,low rural,and low information entropy)is the most important distribution type.(4)The quality gap of cultural public services between cities in the eastern,western,and central regions shows a narrowing trend whereas that is augmented among the rural areas in the eastern,central,and western.(5)The main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of urban and rural public cultural service quality are per capita fiscal and cultural expenditures,per capita cultural operation expenses,the fiscal proportion of cultural expenditures,and per capita GDP. These factors have obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Based on the analysis above,suggestions for optimizing the equalization of urban and rural public cultural services are put forward.