中德制造业数字化转型的战略与政策比较

Strategy and Policy Comparison of Chinese and German Manufacturing DigitalTransformation

在德国率先提出“工业4.0”和第四次工业革命之后,德国制造业开始了其转型升级的过程。德国拥有强大的制造业基础,西门子、SAP等企业更是世界范围内制造业数字化解决方案的引领者,故德国政府更加聚焦于中小企业的数字化转型升级,旨在于欧洲乃至世界范围内推行“德国标准”,守住制高点。相比较而言,中国制造业规模大、体系全、活力强,掌握了先进的5G技术,但在自动化和信息化方面的欠缺,使得中国的制造业数字化转型升级需要同时推进制造业的信息化和智能化。这既是对制造业企业的挑战,也是借助中国信息和互联网技术优势,实现弯道超车的绝佳机遇。中国很多大型企业已经开启了数字化转型的进程,但大量的中小企业受制于技术、资金、人才以及管理等方面的不足,也面临和德国企业类似的困境。因此,中国应充分吸收和借鉴德国经验,继续大力夯实制造业基础,加快推进数字基础设施的建设,打造数字化产业生态,培养与数字化时代相适应的制造业人才,制定制造业的“中国标准”,为从制造大国向制造强国的转变奠定基础。

After Germany took the lead in proposing"Industry 4.0"and the fourth industrial revolution,the German manufacturing industry began its transformation and upgrading process.Germany has a strong manufacturing foundation,and companies such as Siemens and SAP are leaders in manufacturing digital solutions worldwide.Therefore,the German government focuses more on the digital transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises,aiming to promote the"Germany Standard"in Europe and the world,"Hold the commanding heights".Comparatively speaking,China's manufacturing industry is large in scale,complete in system,and strong in vitality.It has mastered advanced 5G technology,but lacks in automation and informatization,which makes the digital transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry need to promote the informatization of the manufacturing industry at the same time.and intelligent.This is not only a challenge to manufacturing enterprises,but also an excellent opportunity to achieve overtaking on a curve with the advantages of China's information and Internet technology.Many large enterprises in China have already started the process of digital transformation,but a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises are subject to the shortage of technology,capital,talents and management,and are also faced with similar difficulties as German enterprises.Therefore,China should fully absorb and learn from Germany's experience,continue to vigorously consolidate the foundation of the manufacturing industry,accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure,build a digital industrial ecology,cultivate manufacturing talents suitable for the digital age,and formulate"Chinese standards"for manufacturing,laying the foundation for the transformation from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.