标准参照测验理论在自学考试中的发展与应用

The Development and Application of Criterion-Referenced Theory in Self-Taught Higher Education Examinations

自高等教育自学考试制度创立以来,将标准参照测验的基本原理与自学考试的实际相结合,进行理论和实践创新,提高了考试的科学化水平。从教育学和测量学2个维度,自学考试建立了包括人才标准、专业标准、课程标准和考试标准的结构化标准体系,实现了教育标准与评价标准的统一。在考试命题时,根据自学考试的试题难度与考试分数解释具有共同参照标准的特点,构建了基于标准常模的预估难度理论及评定方法,改进了在原始分条件下合理设计并控制考试合格标准的命题技术规范。在高等教育进入普及化阶段和大力发展职业高等教育的形势下,应从3个方面进一步推进标准参照测验理论在自学考试中的应用:1)健全并优化考试标准体系;2)调整并完善考试合格标准;3)改进并提高考试标准的实施质量。

Since the institution of self-taught higher education examinations was established,it has improved the scientific level of examinations by combining criterion-referenced theory and practical testing,and conducting theoretical and technical innovations.It also sets up a well-structured standard system,including talent,major,curriculum,and examination criteria,achieving the unification of education and assessment.Besides,as test difficulty and interpretation of test scores have a common reference standard,the estimated difficulty theory is founded by constructing the standard norm group of test-takers,and applied in the test development process.The technical test specification for developing and controlling cut-off scores is then improved reasonably under the raw score condition.To further promote the application of criterion-referenced theory in self-taught higher education examinations under the situation of higher education popularization and the vigorous development of vocational higher education,we should optimize and integrate the test standard system,adjust the connotation of cut-off scores in the curriculum,and improve the implementation quality of test standards.