海南三亚珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区珊瑚群落近年的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Coral Community in Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in Recent years

为了解海南三亚珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区造礁石珊瑚群落的变化趋势,选取造礁石珊瑚覆盖率、造礁石珊瑚种类、硬珊瑚补充量作为监测指标,于2016—2020年采用断面监测法(Line intercept transect)对保护区内的珊瑚礁资源进行监测调查。结果表明:5年内海南三亚珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区造礁石珊瑚覆盖率逐年呈下降趋势,2020年的造礁石珊瑚平均覆盖率为19.93%;造礁石珊瑚群落优势类群仍以团块状为主;硬珊瑚平均补充量在2018年以前保持增长,之后则出现大幅度的下降,2020年的补充量为0.19 ind·m^(-2),远低于2016年以及之前的调查结果。总体而言,近年来,三亚珊瑚礁保护区内珊瑚礁生态环境受人类活动干扰明显,造礁石珊瑚覆盖率仍处于较低水平,与20世纪60年代相比,珊瑚群落结构发生了变化,珊瑚补充量减少明显,表明保护区内珊瑚礁生态系统面临一定的威胁,需进一步加强保护区的管理和保护工作。

To investigate the changing trend of the hermatypic coral community in the reserve, the survey was carried out for monitoring coral reef resources in Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve from 2016 to 2020,using the line intercept transect method.Hermatypic coral coverages, species and complement were selected as monitoring indicators.The results showed that the coverage rate of hermatypic coral in Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve decreased year by year in 5 years, as the hermatypic coral average coverage was 19.93% in 2020 and the dominant communities were still the massive corals.The average complement of hermatypic coral kept increasing until 2018 and then decreased sharply to 0.19 ind·m^(-2)in 2020 which is much lower than the average complement of hermatypic coral in 2016 and those demonstrated in the previous surveys.Overall, in recent years, the ecological environment of coral reefs in the reserve has been significantly disturbed by human activities, and the hermatypic coral coverage rate is still at a low level with changes in the coral community structure and a significant decrease in coral recruitment compared with those in the 1960 s, indicating that the coral reef ecosystem in the reserve is facing threats and further protection management is now imperative to be taken.