溯源灵性与超越的神话诗学:厄休拉·勒古恩的民族志科幻书写

The Myth Poetics Tracing Back to Spirituality and Transcendence:Ursula K.Le Guin’s Ethnographic Science Fiction Writing

厄休拉·勒古恩是科幻新浪潮的代表作家,其作品以独特的神话模式和结构人类学建构在科幻世界和文学正典中均获得高度赞誉。勒古恩在文化人类学家克利福德·格尔茨的文化相对性理念和结构主义理论家列维—斯特劳斯的乌托邦想象的影响下,通过民族志科幻书写,对地方的、传统的、异质的文化构形进行思考与探索。《总是归家》针对理性主义带来的同质化范式、道德与精神传统的瓦解、仪式和历史之根蒂的失落,以超越同时代西方文学的跨文化视阈,勾勒出后工业时代之后、现代文明废墟之上的未来凯什社会。这部民族志科幻书写典范,通过以自然、女性、神圣时间为始基的科幻神话诗学,从历史的远古积层中挖掘出被遮蔽、被边缘化的向度,并从这些向度出发重新确立被现代文明抛弃和遗失的灵性力量与超越维度。

Ursula K.Le Guin is a representative writer of the New Wave science fiction.Her works are highly praised in science fiction world and regarded as a part of literary canon for their unique myth mode and structural anthropology construction.Under the influence of the idea of cultural relativity from cultural anthropologist Clifford Geertz and the utopian imagination of Levi Strauss,the father of structuralism,Le Guin explores the local,traditional and heterogeneous cultural configuration through ethnographic science fiction writing.Always Coming Home aims to view the homogenization,the disintegration of moral and spiritual traditions,and the loss of ritual and historical roots brought by rationalism from a transcending cross-cultural perspective of contemporary western literature.By outlining the future society Kesh established above the ruins of modern civilization after the post-industrial era,this ethnographic science fiction digs out the obscured and marginalized dimensions from the ancient accumulation of history,and reestablishes the spiritual power and transcendence dimension abandoned by modern civilization through science fiction myth poetics based on nature,women and sacred time.