人造肉的伦理问题初探——肉食隐喻、对动物及人的道德意蕴

A Preliminary Study on Ethical Issues of Cultured Meat:Meat Metaphors,and Moral Implications for Animals and People

人造肉的伦理争议主要集中在培养肉。在食肉的价值比较方面,以自然性作为伦理优势反对人造肉的意见,体现了概念隐喻所导致的道德批判谬误,即将自然性、真实性与正当性混淆。在动物伦理方面,批评人造肉企图实现动物解放的观点是将活着与值得活的生命性质相混淆,且与人造肉的改良性质不符。社会伦理方面的非议认为人造肉可能导致新型的同类相食,即食用人造人肉,但反对同类相食的道德理由并非清晰自明,在具体的情境中也难以站稳;只有制备人造人肉可能引起的剥削、迫害弱势群体的做法才是更现实的伦理问题,需通过政策禁止予以预防。而无伤害的同类相食或许将有助于构建积极的物种关系。

The ethical debate over artificial meat centers on cultured meat.In the comparison of the value of meat eating,the argument against artificial meat with naturalness as the ethical advantage embodies the fallacy of moral criticism caused by conceptual metaphor,that is,naturalness,authenticity and legitimacy are confused.In the aspect of animal ethics,the criticism of artificial meat’s attempt to achieve animal liberation is that it confuses living with the nature of life worth living,and is inconsistent with the improvement purpose of artificial meat.Social ethical criticism that artificial meat could lead to a new type of cannibalism,namely consumption of artificial human flesh,but moral objection to cannibalism is not clear and self-evidence,and can also be difficult to secure in the specific situation,only the preparation of artificial human flesh may lead to exploitation and persecution of vulnerable groups,which is a more realistic ethical problem and needs to be prevented by policy prohibition.And harmless cannibalism may help build positive species relationships.