清宫黑漆描金大宝座工艺研究与保护修复

Research,Protection and Repair of Black Lacquered Golden Throne in Qing Palace

黑漆描金大宝座是清宫典型的黑漆描金工艺大体量漆家具,一定程度上反映了清宫黑漆描金大型漆家具的漆工艺特征。由于受温湿度变化、胎体接触地面受潮等因素影响,其漆层腐蚀,胎体糟损,保护修复刻不容缓。利用红外光谱、热裂解—气相色谱/质谱、拉曼光谱等科技手段,对其自然起翘脱落的漆皮碎片进行科学实验分析,结果表明,黑漆描金大宝座髹漆层不完全使用黑漆髹饰,其中加入了褐漆;漆基底层的纤维成分为麻,证实其使用了布漆工艺;其漆层结构为木胎—布漆层—漆灰层—髹漆层—金饰层,体现出其髹漆质法的工艺步骤为底、垸、糙。这为其保护修复提供了工艺及材料选择的科学依据,对清宫黑漆描金大型漆家具的保护修复具有一定的参考意义。

The black lacquered golden throne is a piece of typical large-scale lacquer furniture with black lacquer drawing in the Qing Dynasty,which reflects the lacquer process characteristics of the large-scale black lacquered golden furniture in the Qing palace to a certain extent.Due to factors such as changes in temperature and humidity,and the contact of the carcass with the ground,the paint layer is corroded,and the carcass is damaged.It is urgent to protect and repair.Using scientific and technological means such as infrared spectroscopy,thermal cracking-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy,etc.,scientifi c experimental analysis was carried out on the patent leather fragments that naturally lifted and fell off.It is decorated with brown lacquer;the fi ber composition of the lacquer base layer is hemp,which confi rms that it uses the cloth lacquer process;its lacquer layer structure is a wood tire,a cloth lacquer layer,a lacquer gray layer,a painted lacquer layer,and a gold decoration layer,refl ecting the process steps of the paint quality method are base,ridge and rough.This provides a scientifi c basis for the selection of craftsmanship and materials for its protection and restoration,and has a certain reference signifi cance for the protection and restoration of large-scale lacquer furniture with black lacquer painting in the Qing Dynasty.