煤矸石井下处理与冒落区流态化充填技术

Underground treatment of coal gangue and fluidization filling technology in caving area

为解决韩城矿区煤矸石排放引起的制约生产、生态环境恶化的矛盾,在总结煤矸石井下处理与利用方法的基础上,系统阐述了冒落区流态化充填技术原理和优势,采用理论计算和瞬变电磁法探查方法,揭示了试验工作面冒落区残余空间分布规律,确定了基于“高、低位协同共充”和“空洞-空隙-孔隙”多类型残余空间精准高效利用的冒落区流态化充填方式,并在桑树坪二号井实施了工业性试验,结果表明:试验累计充填矸石浆体4949 m~3,处理矸石6414 t,验证了冒落区流态化充填矸石的可行性,发现了矸石浆体在冒落区扩散过程中存在显著的“通道效应”,采用“高、低位协同共充”技术可显著降低或解除“通道效应”和高效利用冒落区残余空间,但该技术增大了钻孔工程量,增加了充填成本,因此在工程尺度上合理确定高、低位充填钻孔参数提出要求,进而确保达到较好的充填效果。研究成果为长壁开采冒落区矸石流态化充填技术提供理论支撑。

In order to solve the contradiction of restricting production and worsening ecological environment caused by the discharge of coal gangue in Hancheng mining area, the principle and advantages of fluidized filling technology in caving area are systematically expounded by summarizing the underground treatment and utilization methods of coal gangue.The theoretical calculation and transient electromagnetic method are applied to reveal the residual space distribution law of the caving area in the test working face, with the fluidization filling formula of the caving area determined, which is based on the “high and low collaborative filling” and the multi type residual space accurate efficient use of “cavity-void-pore”.An industrial test was carried out in No.2 well of Sang Shuping.The results show that the test accumulated 4 949 m~3 of gangue slurry and 6 414 t of gangue, which verifies the feasibility of fluidized gangue filling in the caving area.It is found that there is a significant “channel effect” in the diffusion process of gangue slurry in the caving area, and the “high and low collaborative filling” technology can significantly reduce or eliminate the “channel effect” and help to make efficient use of the residual space in the caving area, but it increases the drilling quantities and the filling cost.Therefore, it puts forward requirements for reasonably determining the drilling parameters of high and low level filling in the engineering scale, so as to ensure a better filling effect.The research results provide theoretical support for the fluidization filling technology of gangue in the caving area of longwall mining.