承德话的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of Chengde Dialect

承德话是在明末清初以来的300多年历史中形成的。其形成与发展大体经历了四个时期:第一汉语幽燕方言时期,第二北京话移植承德、承德成为塞外京腔地时期,第三沿用京音、稍染周边的热河省时期,第四高度接近普通话的河北省时期。从语言本身和语用角度看,承德话的形成和发展态势,从康熙中晚期开始,是北京话化,自觉不自觉地向北京话靠近;新中国“推普”以来,是越来越自觉的普通话化,不断地向普通话靠拢。因此,呈现出承德话在所有汉语方言中与普通话差别最小、高度接近普通话的语音面貌。

The Chengde dialect was formed in the 300 years of history since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.The formation and development of the dialect has gone through four periods:the first period,the Yuyan dialect;the second period,when Beijing dialect was transplanted to Chengde and the dialect became to close to Beijing accent outside of the Great Wall;the third period,when the Beijing accent was used and the dialect was slightly influenced by surrounding Jehol province;and the fourth period,when it was highly close to Mandarin.From the point of view of the language itself and its usage,the formation and development of Chengde dialect started from the middle and late Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty,when it was consciously or unconsciously approaching Beijing dialect.Since the popularization of Mandarin in the period of new China,it has become more and more consciously Mandarin dialectized.As a result,Chengde dialect is the least different from Mandarin among all Chinese dialects and is highly similar to Mandarin.