脂肪源性间充质干细胞治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的研究进展

Research Progress of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

在绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)研究中,受关注较多的干细胞主要是骨髓源性间充质干细胞(bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)。尽管BMSCs有着极强的成骨潜能,但仍然存在数量有限、取材困难等问题,阻碍其临床应用进程。近年来,许多学者发现脂肪源性间充质干细胞(adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells,ADSCs)同样可以进行成骨分化,且具有来源丰富、易于培养、低免疫原性等优点。但到目前为止,关于ADSCs治疗PMOP的研究较少。为解决种子细胞来源问题,探索ADSCs在PMOP治疗方面的应用潜力,该综述总结了近10年发表的关于ADSCs与PMOP关系的文献,详细阐述了ADSCs应用于PMOP的有效性,ADSCs成骨分化的潜能及诱导因素,成骨分化的可能机制等问题,以期为促进ADSCs更好地应用于临床实践提供理论依据。

At present,bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)are the most widely studied stem cells related to postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP).Despite of the strong osteogenic potential of BMSCs,there are still some problems,such as quantity limitation and difficulty in obtaining material,which hinder the clinical application of BMSCs.In recent years,many scholars have found that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)can also undergo osteogenic differentiation,and have the advantages of abundant source,easy culture,low immunogenicity and so on.So far,there are few studies on ADSCs in treating PMOP.In order to solve the problem of seed cell origin and explore the potential application of ADSCs in the treatment of PMOP,this review summarizes the related literature published in the past 10 years on the relationship between ADSCs and PMOP.The effectiveness of ADSCs application in PMOP,the potential and inducing factors of osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs,and the possible mechanism of osteogenic differentiation were discussed in detail.It provides a theoretical basis for promoting the better application of ADSCs in clinical practice.