清代沿海诸厅与海疆管理研究

The Coastal Ting and the Sea Frontier Management of the Qing Dynasty

沿海厅的创立是清朝为了适应海洋环境而进行的一种较为成功的制度实践。沿海厅最早设立于雍正年间,持续到宣统年间,其中雍正时期、乾嘉之际、鸦片战争以后是沿海建厅的三个高潮期。沿海厅的设立原因各异,部分是为了适应海洋环境而专门设立的,部分是适应台湾地区民族混居情况而设立的,另外还有一些因特殊情形而设。在沿海诸厅的职掌中,相比征税等民政工作,维持治安与移风易俗是更为重要的内容,具有较为明显的边疆特性。通过沿海诸厅的研究,可为深入理解清代海疆管理思想与制度提供一个较新的视角。

The establishment of coastal Ting was a successful institutional practice of the Qing dynasty in adapting the need of sea frontier management.The first coastal Ting was established in Yongzheng period,and after three times of establishing upsurges during the Yongzheng period,Qianlong-Jiaqing period,and post 1840 period,there had been about 15 Ting at last.The reasons for establishment of different Ting varied,some were specially set up to adapt to the Marine environment,some were set up to adapt to the mixed ethnic living conditions in Taiwan,and some were set up due to some special circumstances.Among the functions of coastal Ting,compared with the civil affairs such as taxation,the maintenance of public security and the change of customs were more important,which showed relatively obvious frontier characteristics.Through this study,we can provide a new perspective for understanding the thoughts and institutions of sea frontier management of the Qing Dynasty.