战争与体育:“球王”李惠堂与全面抗战时期的足球运动

War and Sport: “King of Football” Li Huitang and the Football Games during the Total War of Resistance

全面抗战时期,有“球王”之称的著名运动员李惠堂,以足球为“武器”,在香港、广东和大后方开展“体育抗战”的实践。七七事变后,李惠堂在香港积极参与和组织各种抗战足球义赛,同时致力于体育和商务活动。香港沦陷后,他拒绝日伪政权的拉拢,转入内地继续体育事业。凭借其个人声望和身为粤籍客家人的乡缘关系,李惠堂与地方族群意识高涨的广东足球重镇梅县进行了体育交流。为配合国民政府战时体育政策,李惠堂在桂林、成都和重庆等地与军政当局密切合作,通过足球比赛筹募社会资金,进行中外交流,助力抗战军事和地方建设,并从体制内获得资源和回报。李惠堂在这一时期的各项体育活动,作为文化抗战的组成部分,体现了体育在战争中的功能和角色,折射出近代中国体育运动在战争影响下日益政治化的演变态势。

During the total War of Resistance, Li Huitang, a famous player known as the “King of Football,” used football as a“weapon” to carry out the practice of “resisting against Japan with sports” in Hong Kong, Guangdong and the rear areas.After the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, Li Huitang actively participated in and organized various benefit football matches in Hong Kong, and devoted himself to sports and business activities. After the fall of Hong Kong, he refused the favor of the Japanese puppet regime and returned to the mainland to continue the sports business. With his personal reputation and his family relationship as a Cantonese Hakka, Li Huitang had sports exchanges with Mei County, an important football town with higher local ethnic awareness in Guangdong province. In order to cooperate with the wartime sports policy of the Nationalist government, Li Huitang worked closely with the military and political authorities in Guilin, Chengdu and Chongqing to raise social funds through football matches, conduct exchanges between China and foreign countries, help the military and local constructions for the War of Resistance, and obtained resources and rewards from the administration system. As parts of cultural resistance, Li Huitang’s various sports activities in the period showed the function and role of sports in the war, refracting the increasingly politicized evolution of modern Chinese sports under the influence of the War.