浪漫派和批判派的碰撞与融合——塞尔维亚民族史学构建(1873—1940年)

The Collison and Fusion of the Romantic School and the Critical School:The Rise of Serbian National Historiography(1873-1940)

塞尔维亚获得民族独立之际,支持将传统民间史诗作为史料的浪漫派与反对将史诗作为史料、支持对史料进行考据和批判的批判派之间,爆发了一场有关史学方法、观念和重大历史问题的大论战。这场论战持续近二十年,最终以批判派的胜利告终,确定遵循兰克“如实直书”的史学方法,孕育出塞尔维亚民族史学的雏形,推动了现代塞尔维亚历史研究与历史教育的发展。尽管两个学派在史学研究方法上有不同的见解,但实际上两者在塞尔维亚史学研究重点问题和关键叙事上具有一致性。塞尔维亚民族史学就是在浪漫派与批判派的碰撞中接纳了现代的史学方法,又在两个学派的融合中继承了“民族主义指导历史书写、构建历史记忆”的史学观念,现代塞尔维亚史学发展总体方向由此确立。

After Serbia gained national independence,a vital debate on historiographical methods,concepts,and major historical issues broke out between the Romantic School and the Critical School. The former supported the use of traditional folk epics as historical materials,and the latter supported the examination and critique of historical materials. The debate lasted for almost 20 years and ended with the victory of the Critical School. This gave birth to the Serbian national historiography and contributed to the development of modern Serbian historical research and education. Although the two schools differed in their approaches,they were in fact consistent in their focus and key narratives of Serbian historiography. It was through the collision betweent the two that Serbian national historiography embraced the scientific approach to history and through the fusion of the two schools that it inherited the concept of “nationalism guiding the writing of history and the construction of historical memory ”, thus establishing the general direction of the development of modern Serbian historiography.