新型农村集体经济发展的理论阐释、实践模式与思考建议

Theoretical explanation,practical model and suggestions of the development of the new rural collective economy

新时代发展新型农村集体经济是实施乡村振兴战略的重要抓手和实现农民共同富裕的重要路径。新型农村集体经济“新”在产权清晰、成员身份明晰、收益分配透明、参与主体多元、发展环境开放、发展方式多样。新型农村集体经济的功能作用是能有效促进家庭联产承包责任制的巩固和完善、通过多种形式专业分工和联合实现专业化和协同效应的统一,是优化农民与集体关系和为农民提供公共服务的重要角色,是市场经济体制下优化利用农村资源的有效平台。新型农村集体经济在实践中形成了如盘活资源资产、多元产业融合发展、提供社会化服务、劳务经济、跨村组联合抱团发展、承接外来要素参与等多种多样模式,无论采用哪种模式,新型农村集体经济在发展过程中必须要处理好政府干预与发挥基层积极性、封闭运行与开放合作需求、短期利益与长期利益分配、特别法人地位和市场主体地位等逻辑关系,才能促进其持续发展、高质量发展。

Developing new rural collective economy in the new era is an important way to implement the rural revitalization strategy and realize the common prosperity of farmers.The new rural collective economy is“new”in clear property rights,clear membership,transparent income distribution,diversified participants,open development environment and diversified development models.The function of the new rural collective economy is to effectively promote the consolidation and improvement of the household contract responsibility system,as well as to achieve the integration of specialism and synergism through multiple forms of labor division and cooperation.The organizaiton of the new rural collective economy plays an important role in optimizing the relationship between farmers and the collective,and provides public services for farmers.Also,it is an effective platform for optimization of utilizing rural resources under the market economy system.The new rural collective economy has formed multiple models in practice,such as revitalizing resources and assets,integrating diversified industries,providing socialization service,developing labor economy,developing with cross-village cooperation,and carrying on external factors participation.However,no matter which mode is adopted,we must keep the balance of the intervention of government and the initiative of grass-roots units,the enclosed operation and the needs of opened cooperation,the distribution of short-term interests and long-term interests,and the status of special juridical person and that of the market subject,which is essential to the sustainable and high-quality development of the new rural collective economy.