基于MaxEnt和GIS的黄芩属6种药用植物最适潜在分布区预测

Predictive suitable distributions and principal environment variables of six medicinal plants of Scutellaria based on MaxEnt and GIS

在最大熵模型(MaxEnt)中加载487份采样点、标本点的地理信息和27个环境变量,利用地理信息技术(GIS)对黄芩属6种药用植物在中国的最适潜在分布区进行了预测。结果显示,黄芩(S.baicalensis)分布面积最广,从东北、华北、西北到西南等10个省份均有最适分布区(适宜系数≥0.5),主要集中分布在内蒙古东南部、河北与山西大部分地区和陕西的秦岭以北地区(总面积约414662 km^(2),约占全国总面积的4.32%);粘毛黄芩(S.viscidula)和并头黄芩(S.scordifolia)最适分布区主要在山西、河北、内蒙古、陕西、宁夏、甘肃及青海等较为干旱的地区(449889 km^(2),约占全国总面积的4.69%);甘肃黄芩(S.rehderiana)主要分布在甘肃省东南部和甘肃、青海两省交界的部分地区(54378 km^(2),约占全国总面积的0.57%);滇黄芩(S.amoena)和丽江黄芩(S.likiangensis)分布在云南省东南部和四川省西南部相对狭小的区域内(18586 km^(2),约占全国总面积的0.20%)。进一步分析表明,黄芩、并头黄芩和粘毛黄芩最适宜分布在海拔约1100 m、年平均降水量约450 mm、7月平均降水量较大(约120 mm)的东北、华北和西北部分干旱半干旱地区;甘肃黄芩喜高海拔(约2219 m)、年平均降水量在535 mm和土壤表层pH值偏碱性(pH值约7.6)的环境;滇黄芩和丽江黄芩则需要等温性高(约47)、年平均降水量大(986 mm)、7月平均降水量大(约220 mm)、表层土壤偏酸性(pH值约6.5)的高海拔(约2500 m)地区。上述研究结果可为今后因地制宜保护黄芩属药用植物野生资源或人工引种驯化及栽培提供参考。

In this study,487 occurrence records and 27 climatic variables were used to predict the potential habitat sui-tability distributions of 6 medical plants of Scutellaria based on the MaxEnt modeling and geographic information system(GIS).The results showed S.baicalensis had the most widely distributed areas in 10 provinces from the northeast China,the north China and the northwest China to the southwest China.The highly suitable distributions of S.baicalensis(suitabi-lity index≥0.5)were mostly distributed in the southeast of Inner Mongolia,Hebei,most regions of Shanxi,and north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province(total area 414662 km^(2),4.32%of total China’s areas).The highly suitable distributions of S.viscidula and S.scordifolia were including seven provinces in arid areas(449889 km^(2),4.69%),such as Shanxi,Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Ningxia,Gansu and Qinghai.S.rehderiana was distributed in the southeast of Gansu and some part of the border with Qinghai(54378 km^(2),0.57%).S.amoena and S.likiangensis were distributed relatively small regions in the southeast of Yunnan and the southwest of Sichuan(18586 km^(2),0.20%).Further analysis revealed that the highly potential of S.baicalensis,S.viscidula and S.scordifolia were in the arid and semi-arid regions of the northeast,northwest and north of China where the environment variables were determined as 1100 m elevation,450 mm average annual precipitation and the greater precipitation in July(120 mm).S.rehderiana was found in the environment with high elevation(2219 m),535 mm average annual precipitation and topsoil pH(H2O)around 7.6.S.amoena and S.likiangensis were strict with its environment variables,which were high isothermality(47),986 mm average annual precipitation,more precipitation in July(220 mm),meta-acid topsoil pH(H_(2)O)around 6.5 in high elevation areas(about 2500 m).In conclusion,the results will provide valuable references for wild medicinal resource conservation,plantation regiona-lization and standard cultivation of Scutellaria in highly suitable areas.