中国农业需要多少生产投工?——实际投工量和合适投工量的比较及其含义

How much labor input does China’s agricultural production need?Comparison between actual input and appropriate input and its implication

中国农业要有必要的生产投工,也应为农业劳动者提供合理的劳动报酬。测算2004—2018年中国农业生产的实际投工量,并以农业劳动报酬率趋同于非农劳动报酬率为标准测算农业生产的合适投工量。结果表明:农业生产的实际投工量远大于合适投工量,基于合适投工量所得出的农业剩余劳动规模远大于基于实际投工量所得出的农业闲置劳动规模。而且,虽然果蔬种植、畜禽养殖等高劳动投入生产已成为吸纳农业生产投工的最主要类型,但按劳动报酬率趋同的标准计算,其中同样存在大量农业剩余劳动。

Certain labor input is requisite for China’s agriculture, and reasonable remuneration should be provided to agricultural workers. The actual labor input of China’s agricultural production between 2004 and 2018 has been calculated,and the appropriate labor input has been measured according to the criterion of labor wage rate convergence. The result shows that the actual labor input vastly outnumbers the appropriate labor input, and the scale of agricultural surplus labor based on the appropriate labor input far exceeds the scale of agricultural idle labor based on actual labor input. Moreover,although high labor input production like fruit and vegetable planting and livestock and poultry breeding has become the main type of absorbing agricultural labor input. However, there is still a large number of agricultural surplus labor if calculated according to the criterion of labor wage rate convergence.