运动介导骨钙素调控脂肪代谢的研究进展

Research progress in exercise-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism by osteocalcin

肥胖是导致高血压、糖尿病等慢性代谢性疾病的诱因之一,已成为威胁人类健康的严重公共卫生问题。脂肪代谢紊乱是导致肥胖的主要病因。运动改善脂肪代谢,防治肥胖的作用已被广泛证实。近年的研究发现,骨钙素(osteocalcin, OCN)在脂肪代谢的调控中发挥着重要的作用。骨骼作为运动系统的重要组织器官可在运动条件下通过分泌OCN参与机体能量代谢与脂肪代谢的调控。但目前国内关于OCN调控脂肪代谢的研究较为少见,运动介导OCN调控脂肪代谢的研究仍未见报道。鉴于此,本文在查阅国内外文献的基础上,综述骨源性OCN对脂肪组织的跨器官代谢调控作用,阐述运动介导骨钙素调控脂肪代谢可能的途径与机制,发现运动能够介导骨源性OCN提高胰腺中胰岛素水平和胰岛素敏感性;同时促进脂肪组织中脂联素的表达,抑制脂肪酸合成酶,促进脂肪水解,减少脂肪生成;此外,还能通过IL-6提高骨骼肌对脂肪酸的利用。这些发现为运动防治肥胖的机制研究提供新的研究思路。

Obesity is one of the contributing factors of chronic metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, which has become a serious public health problem threatening human health. Disorders of fat metabolism are the main cause of obesity. Exercise to improve fat metabolism and prevention of obesity has been widely demonstrated. Recently studies have revealed that osteocalcin(OCN) plays an significant role in the regulation of fat metabolism. Bone, as a vital tissue and organ of the locomotor system, participates in the regulation of energy metabolism and fat metabolism by secreting OCN under the condition of exercise. However, there are few studies on the regulation of fat metabolism by OCN in China. Studies on the regulation of fat metabolism by exercise-mediated OCN are still unreported. In view of this, this paper reviews the possible pathways and mechanisms of exercise-mediated OCN regulation of adipose metabolism. It has been found that exercise mediates OCN to increase insulin levels and insulin sensitivity in the pancreas. Exercise also promotes lipocalin expression in adipose tissue, inhibits fatty acid synthase, promotes lipid hydrolysis and reduces adipogenesis. In addition, it also improves fatty acid utilization in skeletal muscle through IL-6. These findings provide a theoretical basis and new research ideas for the study of the mechanism of exercise against obesity.