公元前5世纪末雅典“内乱”中的政治领袖与城邦共同体的重建

Political Leaders and Reconstruction of City-State Community during the Athenian stasis at the End of the 5th Century B.C.

公元前5世纪末期,雅典陷入城邦“内乱”,它主要表现为政治领袖权力竞争、阶层矛盾和意识形态冲突三个层面的两极对立。在这一“内乱”的进程中,以亚西比德、塞拉美尼斯和色拉叙布鲁斯等人为代表的个别政治领袖通过各自的言行,某种程度上突破了阶层偏见和意识形态敌对,给其他政治领袖以及民众提供了新的政治选择,并且促使他们对政治意识形态的对立加以反思。与此同时,在政治领袖重新组织民众应对城邦“内乱”危机的过程中,城邦共同体理念获得了实质性的支撑,一种强调同胞情谊的政治话语也被用于重塑公民集体认同。为公元前4世纪雅典城邦共同体的重建以及民主政治的稳定发展做好了必要的铺垫。

At the end of the 5th century B.C.,Athens fell into stasis or the“civil strife”of the city-state,which was mainly manifested in the bipolar opposition of political leaders’power competition,class contradiction and ideological conflict.In the process of this“civil strife”,individual political leaders,such as Alcibiades,Theramenes and Thrasyboulus,broke through class prejudice and ideological hostility to some extent through their words and deeds,by providing new political choices for other political leaders and the public,and prompting them to reflect on the opposition of political ideology.At the same time,in the process of political leaders’reorganizing the public to deal with the city-state“civil strife”crisis,the concept of city-state community gained substantial support,with the help of the political discourse emphysizing the bond of compatriots for citizens’collective identity.For the reconstruction of Athens city-state community and the stable development of democratic politics in the 4th century BC,the necessary preparation was made.