扎龙湿地越冬丹顶鹤的活动规律研究

Behavior Patterns of Grus japonensis Wintering in Zhalong Wetland in Northeast China

通过卫星追踪器和AcrGIS工具研究扎龙湿地越冬丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)群体的活动规律。结果表明:食物是散养丹顶鹤在野化过程中越冬地选择的重要影响因素。散养成体丹顶鹤自幼与人类近距离接触,即使放飞后仍不畏惧人类,选择扎龙湿地自然保护区管理局附近越冬并筑巢繁殖后代。亚成体丹顶鹤越冬地点并不固定,整个越冬季节处于游荡状态,具有较大的飞行距离(10 d累计飞行40 km)和活动范围(30 km^(2))。成体和亚成体丹顶鹤在越冬期间的活动范围都显著小于当年其它季节(P<0.05),并且成体丹顶鹤的活动范围显著小于亚成体丹顶鹤(P<0.05)。散养丹顶鹤的野化放飞措施对稳定野生丹顶鹤种群规模具有重要意义。

Behaving patterns of the red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis)wintering in Zhalong Wetland in Northeast China was examined using satellite-based tracker and ArcGis tools.We found that food is the key factor for selecting wintering roosting site by the free-rangingred-crowned cranes in Zhalong wetland.The free-ranging red-crowned cranes are not scared by human being,even if they were released into nature,since they have been in close contact with human since being hatched.The cranes nested in Zhalong national natural reserve and surrounding areas for breeding offspring.Juvenile cranes do not stay at a fixed site and move around the wetland during winter and spring(April and May),with a larger flying distance(40 km of accumulative flying distance in 10 days)and a larger activity range(30 km^(2)).Both the adult and the juvenile cranes have significantly smaller flying distance and activity range in wither than in other seasons of the year(P<0.05).The adult craneshave significantly smaller activity range compared to the juvenile cranes in winter(P<0.05).The release into nature of the free-ranging red-crowned craneshas significant implications to stabilizing the population size of wild cranes.