行星齿轮箱太阳轮轴承外滚道故障特征增强研究

Research on the enhancement of the fault feature of the outer raceway of the sun gear bearing of a planetary gearbox

当行星齿轮箱存在太阳轮与太阳轮轴承复合故障时,太阳轮轴承故障信号微弱,容易被太阳轮故障信号淹没。为了在强大的太阳轮故障信号的背景下高效提取微弱的轴承故障信号,开展了行星齿轮箱太阳轮与太阳轮轴承复合故障动力学响应研究。以单级行星齿轮箱为研究对象,利用ADAMS动力学分析软件,构建包含太阳轮断齿以及太阳轮轴承外圈局部损伤的行星齿轮箱刚-柔耦合动力学模型,该模型保留了轴承滚动体与保持架的6个自由度,并且考虑了齿轮与轴承的耦合作用。基于所建立的刚-柔耦合动力学模型,提出了太阳轮轴承外滚道故障特征增强方法。该方法基于外滚道损伤-滚动体冲击力方向在轴承旋转过程中基本不变的原理,将垂直放置的两个加速度传感器采集的振动信号转换到极坐标系,通过分析坐标点在极坐标系中的分布情况来对复合故障下太阳轮轴承外滚道表面损伤进行诊断。结果表明,使用该方法能够对频谱分析不能诊断的太阳轮轴承外滚道故障进行特征增强。

When a planetary gearbox has composite failures in the sun gear and the sun gear bearing,thesignal of sun gear bearing failure is weak,and it is easy to be overwhelmed by the sun gear failure signal.In order to efficiently extract the weak bearing fault signal under the background of the strong sun gear fault signal,a study on the dynamic response of the sun gear and the sun gear bearing compound fault of the planetary gearbox was carried out.Taking the single-stage planetary gearbox as the research object,the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model of the planetary gearbox was constructed by ADAMS dynamic analysis software.The model includes broken teeth of the sun gear and local damage to the outer ring of the sun gear bearing.At the same time,the model retains 6 degrees of freedom of the bearing rolling elements and cage,and considers the coupling effect of gears and bearings.Based on the established rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model,a method to enhance the fault characteristics of the outer raceway of the sun gear bearing was proposed.This method is based on the principle that the direction of the impact force between the failure of the outer raceway and the rolling elements is basically unchanged during the rotation of the bearing,and the vibration signals collected by the two vertical acceleration sensors are converted to the polar coordinate system.By analyzing the distribution of coordinate points in the polar coordinate system,the surface damage of the outer raceway of the sun gear bearing under compound faults was diagnosed.Results show that the method can be used to enhance the characteristics of the outer raceway faults of the sun gear that cannot be diagnosed by spectrum analysis.