非织造布表层形貌观测与拉伸同步测试装置研制

Development of Synchronous Test Device for Surface Morphology and Tension of Nonwovens

非织造布中纤维细观结构影响其力学性能,为了在非织造布试样拉伸的同时观测纤维细观结构,课题组研制了具备纤维表层形貌观测和非织造布拉伸力学性能测试的一体化装置。基于非织造布国家测试标准及测试要求,设计的装置包括固定夹持模块、运动控制模块、测量模块和数据与图像采集模块;对用到的仪器根据要求进行选型。最后以某水刺非织造布为例进行验证。结果表明:在一定的拉伸伸长率范围内,随着试样拉伸伸长率的增大,拉力呈现非线性增大,名义孔隙率近似线性减小;建立了非织造布细观结构与宏观力学性能间的联系。研制的测试装置具有可行性和有效性。

The fiber meso-structure in nonwovens affects its mechanical properties. In order to observe the fiber meso-structure of the nonwovens during the tensile test, an integrated device with fiber surface morphology observation and tensile mechanical properties testing of nonwovens was developed. Based on national testing standards and requirements for nonwovens, the designed device included fixed clamping module, motion control module, measurement module, data and image acquisition module. The components used in the device were selected according to requirements. Finally, a spunlaced nonwovens was used as example for verification. The results show that in a certain range of tensile elongation, the tensile force increases nonlinearly and the nominal porosity decreases approximately linearly with the increase of tensile elongation;the relationship between the meso-structure and macroscopic mechanical properties of nonwovens is established. The developed test device is feasible and effective.