麦后复种绿肥模式与施氮制度对土壤氮素及小麦产量的互作效应

Interaction effects of wheat multiple cropping green manure model and nitrogen application system on soil nitrogen and wheat yield

【目的】为充分利用青藏高原光热资源,优化麦后复种绿肥栽培模式及施氮制度,提高绿肥培肥效果。【方法】试验设春小麦-箭筈豌豆(W-V),春小麦-油菜(W-R),春小麦-箭筈豌豆×油菜(W-VR,箭筈豌豆与油菜混播,播量比8∶1)3种复种模式,小麦和绿肥的施氮量按总施氮量的100%和0%(N_(1))、80%和20%(N_(2))两种施氮制度分配。研究小麦复种绿肥模式和施氮制度对小麦农田土壤氮素特征和小麦产量的互作效应。【结果】研究结果表明绿肥种植模式和施氮制度互作对小麦农田土壤氮素影响有显著差异(P<0.05),在0~30 cm土层施氮制度N_(2)与N_(1)差异显著(P<0.05),N_(2)处理较N_(1)处理土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮含量和脲酶活性分别提高了5.38%~17.96%、12.58%~17.31%、4.72%~8.94%和4.55%~20.51%,小麦籽粒产量增加了10.85%~13.06%。在N_(2)处理下,在0~30 cm土层W-VR模式较W-V和W-R土壤硝态氮含量分别提高7.30%和18.85%,土壤铵态氮含量提高10.89%和28.78%,土壤全氮含量提高2.89%和11.36%,土壤脲酶活性提高7.76%和22.39%;且W-VR较W-R籽粒产量增加10.80%。【结论】在青藏高原地区,麦后混播箭筈豌豆和油菜,且小麦和绿肥的施氮量按总施氮量的80%和20%分配可显著提高小麦农田土壤氮素含量,增加小麦籽粒产量,是该区域较为理想的麦后复种绿肥模式和施氮制度。

【Objective】In order to make full use of the light and heat resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,to optimize the green manure cultivation mode and nitrogen application system,and to improve fertilizer effect.【Method】The experiment included spring wheat multiple cropping common vetch(W-V),spring wheat multiple cropping rape(W-R),and spring wheat multiple cropping mixed green manure of the common vetch and rape(W-VR,seeding rate 8∶1)three green manure cultivation modes.And the nitrogen application rate of wheat and green manure was 100%and 0%(N_(1)),80%and 20%(N_(2))of the total nitrogen application rate.By comparing soil nitrate nitrogen,soil ammonium nitrogen,soil total nitrogen and soil urease activity in 0~30 cm soil layer and wheat yield,the interaction effects were studied on different green manure cultivation modes and nitrogen application systems on soil nitrogen and wheat yield.【Result】The interaction of green manure planting pattern and nitrogen application system had a significant difference in soil nitrogen(P<0.05),and the difference between N2 treatment and N1 treatment in the 0~30 cm soil layer was significant(P<0.05).Compared with N1 treatment,soil nitrate nitrogen,soil ammonium nitrogen,soil total nitrogen and soil urease activity increased 5.38%~17.96%,12.58%~17.31%,4.72%~8.94%and 4.55%~20.51%,respectively.The wheat grains production increased 10.85%to 13.06%.Under N2 treatment,compared with W-V and W-R,the W-VR model in the 0~30 cm soil layer increased the soil nitrate nitrogen content 7.30%and 18.85%,the soil ammonium nitrogen content 10.89%and 28.78%,and the soil total nitrogen content 2.89%and 11.36%,soil urease activity increased 7.76%and 22.39%,respectively.W-VR increased 10.80%of grain yield compared with W-R(P<0.05).【Conclusion】In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,multiple cropping mixed green manure of the common vetch and rape after wheat,and the distribution of the nitrogen application rate of wheat and green manure at 80%and 20%of the total nitrogen application rate can significantly increase soil nitrogen content and increase wheat grain yield,which is an ideal multiple cropping green manure model after wheat in this area.