114份鹰嘴豆种质主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of major agronomic traits in 114 chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)germplasm materials

【目的】阐明河西地区多份鹰嘴豆种质的主要农艺性状及其适应性,为河西地区鹰嘴豆种质资源创新和品质选育提供材料。【方法】对114份鹰嘴豆种质资源的15个农艺性状进行鉴定分析评价,结合聚类分析筛选出特异种质。【结果】114份鹰嘴豆材料具有丰富的遗传多样性,9个数量性状的香农多样性指数(shannon diversity index)由大到小分别为分枝数>单株荚数>百粒质量>单株粒质量>结荚高度>单株粒数>荚粒数>株高>空荚数;6个质量性状的香农多样性指数(shannon diversity index)由大到小为粒色>花色>荚色>粒形>株型>叶形。通过相关性和主成分分析,提取出3个主成分,累计贡献率为78.883%,主要与产量、株高、分枝数有关。聚类分析在遗传距离为15时将114份鹰嘴豆资源分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ材料为株高较高,分枝数和空荚数较少;类群Ⅱ株高适中,分枝数较多,百粒质量较高;类群Ⅲ株高较矮,分枝数适中,籽粒较大。【结论】综合考量各性状筛得5份株高适宜、高产、粒色丰富、大粒鹰嘴豆特异种质资源,分别为86-68c、2014-088、张黑脑豆、张高产脑豆、87品-33。

【Objective】The study was conducted to clarify the main agronomic characters and adapta‐tion of chickpea germplasm resources in Hexi area,providing germplasm materials for the innovation and quality breeding of chickpea in this region.【Method】Fifteen agronomic characters of 114 chickpea germ‐plasms were identified and evaluated,followed by the screening of specific germplasms by cluster analysis.【Result】The 114 cultivars of chickpea were rich in genetic diversity.The Shannon diversity index for 9 quantitative traits was in the order from big to small as following:branching number>pod number per plant>100-grain weight per plant>grain weight per plant>pod height>grain number per plant>pod number>plant height>pod number.The Shannon diversity index for six quality traits was in the order as following:grain>flower>pod>grain>plant>leaf shape.Through the correlation and principal component analysis,three principal components were extracted,which cumulatively explained 78.883%of variation and was mainly related to the yield,plant height and branching number.Cluster analysis showed that the 114 chick‐pea materials could be divided into three groups at the genetic distance of 15.GroupⅠwere higher in plant height,fewer in both branches and empty pods;GroupⅡwere moderately high in plant height,more in branches,and bigger in 100-seed weight;groupⅢwere moderately high in plant height,medium in branch number,and larger in grain size.【Conclusion】Five germplasm materials,i.e.,86-68c,2014-088,Zhang heinaodou,Zhang gaochannaodou and 87-33,were obtained by comprehensive evaluation,which were me‐dium in plant height,high in the yield,rich in grain colour,and large in grain size.