海德格尔的“物性”之思:阶段、特点与意义

Heidegger’s Thoughts on “Thingness”:Stage,Characteristic and Significance

海德格尔一生的“物性”之思有三个阶段,分别是20世纪20年代、30年代和50年代,主要体现在《存在与时间》《艺术作品的本源》《演讲与论文集》这三部著作中。三个阶段的“物性”之思具有连贯性和统一性:从目的看,他不是为了探究“物”的实体属性,而是通过对“物”之存在的揭示,以通达“真理现象”;从对象看,他选择的分析实例不是“现成事物”,而是“上手事物”;从层面看,他不是从“存在者层面”,而是从“存在者的存在层面”思索物性;从重心看,他不是从“材料来源”角度,而是从“使用功能”角度思索物性;从方法看,他摒弃具有强制性的科学方法,而主要采用“顺适于物”的现象学方法来思索物性;从成果看,他是从“真理”这一高点来界定物性的。三个阶段“物性”之思的差异性在于:“物性”的内涵不同;追问“物性”的视角不同。海德格尔的“物性”之思具有重要的哲学、美学意义与启示。

Heidegger’s thoughts on“thingness”went through three stages in 1920 s,1930 s and 1950 s respectively,which are mainly reflected in his three works of Being and Time,The Origin of the Work of Art and Lectures and Essays.The“thingness”in the three stages has coherence and unity.In terms of purpose,he was not to explore the substantive attribute of“things”,but to understand the“phenomenon of truth”through the disclosure of the existence of“things”.From the perspective of objects,the analysis examples he chose were not“thingspresent-at-hand”,but“thingsready-to-hand”.From the perspective of levels,he thought about thingness not on the“level of beings”,but on the“level of beings’existence”.From the perspective of thinking focus,he thought about thingness not from the perspective of“material source”,but from the perspective of“use function”.From the perspective of thinking methods,he abandoned the mandatory scientific methods,and mainly used the phenomenological method that complies with the laws of things to think about thingness.From the thinking results,he defined“thingness”from the high point of“truth”.The difference of the thinking on“thingness”in the three stages lies in the different connotations of“thingness”and the different perspectives of questioning“thingness”.Heidegger’s thoughts on“thingness”has important philosophical and aesthetic significance and enlightenment.