一种保护青少年脊柱健康的减重背包设计与研究

Design and research of a weight-reducing backpack to protect the health of adolescents’spine

目前市面上的青少年背包主要通过肩部来进行载荷,而忽略了腰部载荷的作用。背包长期负重不当会影响脊柱生长。为了平衡肩部、腰部和臀部的载荷,设计一种通过臀部带和弹性杆结构改变重力传递方式的减重背包。首先对人体背包进行生物力学分析,提出设计方案;然后借助ADAMS对传统背包与减重背包在平地、上坡、下坡3种路况下进行人体肩部、腰部和臀部载荷的动力学仿真,并利用MATLAB对2种背包的肩部、腰部和臀部的力矩进行分析。结果表明减重背包减轻了肩部6.1%和腰部5.4%力矩;减重背包肩部力矩与腰臀部合力矩的比值是4.17,而传统背包的比值是6.58。减重背包减少了肩部和腰部的载荷,同时发现肩部力矩与腰、臀部合力矩的比值越小,转移到臀部的力矩越大,背包的平衡性越好,表明了减重背包优于传统背包。

At present,in the case of backpacks for the youth on the market,weight is mainly designed to be carried by shoulders,which ignores the role of the waist in load-carrying.Long-term improper loading of backpacks can affect the growth of one’s spine.In order to balance the load on shoulders,waist,and hip,a weight loss backpack was designed to change the way of gravity transmission through the hip belt and elastic bar structure.Firstly,the biomechanical analysis of the state of the human backpack and the spine was carried out,and the weight-reducing principle of the backpack was achieved according to the force analysis.Then,the torque analysis was carried out on shoulders,waist,and hip of the weight-reducing backpack,and a design plan was proposed.Next,the traditional backpack was analyzed by ADAMS.The dynamic simulation of human shoulders,waist,and hip loads was carried out with the weight-reducing backpack under three road conditions of even ground,uphill,and downhill conditions,and the moments of shoulders,waist,and hip in the cases of the two backpacks were analyzed by MATLAB.The results show that the weight-reducing backpack could reduce the shoulder moment by 6.1% and the waist by 5.4%;the ratio of the shoulder moment of the weight-reducing backpack to the combined moment of the waist and hip was 4.17,and the ratio of the traditional backpack was 6.58.A conclusion could be drawn that the weight-reducing backpack could reduce the load on shoulders and waist.At the same time,it was found that the smaller the ratio of the shoulder moment and the combined moment of the waist and hip is,the greater the moment transferred to the hip,and the better the balance of the backpack,indicating that the weight-reducing backpack outperforms the traditional ones.