冬季不同饲养模式下哈萨克马肠道菌群多样性研究

The Diversity of Gut Microbiota of Kazakh Horses under Different Feeding Modes in Winter

不同饲养模式对哈萨克马肠道菌群有何影响鲜有报道,本文通过对比自由放牧和圈养状态下哈萨克马粪便菌群组成和标志物种,揭示哈萨克马肠道菌群在不同饲养模式下的波动性变化。采集自由放牧和圈养条件下各5匹哈萨克马的新鲜粪便,利用高通量测序技术分析哈萨克马肠道菌群组成、功能途径等。结果显示,放牧组肠道菌群多样性显著高于圈养组(Shannon指数,P<0.05;Simpson指数,P<0.01);放牧组标志物种显著多于圈养组。在门水平上,放牧组和圈养组的厚壁菌门(76.10%;78.08%)和拟杆菌门(17.16%;15.72%)丰度较高,均占总菌群的93%以上。在科水平上,放牧组以分解/发酵纤维素的菌群(瘤胃球菌科,30.44%;毛螺菌科,21.96%;艰难杆菌科,4.86%)为主;圈养组中分解/发酵纤维素的瘤胃球菌科(28.73%)和毛螺菌科(14.51%)以及消化淀粉类碳水化合物的链球菌科(15.08%)为优势菌科,且链球菌科的丰度显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。对功能基因序列进行功能注释时,77.44%的序列被注释为“代谢”。结果表明,由不同饲养模式介导的两组中,自由放牧组菌群多样性高于圈养组,且菌群消化类型更为统一,两组肠道菌群组成存在整体性差异,这些为进一步研究哈萨克马肠道菌群奠定了理论基础。

There are few reports on the effects of different feeding modes on the intestinal flora of Kazakh horses.This study compared the composition and biomarker of the fecal flora of Kazakh horses under free grazing and captive rearing,thus to reveal the fluctuation of the intestinal flora of Kazakh horses under different feeding modes.Fresh feces were collected from 5 Kazakh horses under free grazing and 5 Kazakh horses in captivity.The composition and functional pathways of the intestinal flora of Kazakh horses were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the diversity of intestinal flora in the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the captive group(Shannon index,P<0.05;Simpson index,P<0.01);The biomarker species of the grazing group were significantly more than that of the captive group.At the phylum level,the abundance of Firmicutes(76.10%;78.08%)and Bacteroidetes(17.16%;15.72%)in grazing group and captive group was higher,which accounting for more than 93%of the total flora.At the family level,cellulose decomposing/fermenting bacteria(Ruminococcaceae,30.44%;Lachnospiraceae,21.96%;[Mogibacteriaceae],4.86%)were dominant in the grazing group.While the cellulose decomposition/fermentation bacteria Ruminococcaceae(28.73%)and Lachnospiraceae(14.51%),as well as the starchcarbohydrates digesting bacteria Streptococcaceae(15.08%)were dominant in the captive group.In addition,the abundance of Streptococcaceae significantly higher than that of the grazing group(P<0.05).Annotation for the functional gene sequences showed that,77.44%of the sequences were annotated as“metabolism”.The results indicated that,the colony diversity of the free grazing group was higher than that of the captive group,and the digestion type of flora was more unified.There were overall differences in the composition of the intestinal flora between the two groups,which laid a theoretical foundation for the further study of the intestinal flora of Kazakh horses.