喷施硼肥对小麦籽粒产量和面粉品质的影响

Effect of Spaying Boron Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Wheat

硼是作物生长所必需的微量营养元素之一,研究通过在不同生育期喷施硼肥探究硼肥对小麦籽粒产量和面粉品质的影响。以小麦品种“中麦895”为试验材料,在2019-2020小麦生长季开展试验。试验设置拔节期、孕穗期和花后5 d三个硼肥喷施时期,以喷施清水作为对照(CK)。研究结果表明,孕穗期和花后5d喷施硼肥后,小麦籽粒产量分别比对照显著增加8.35%和5.65%。孕穗期喷施硼肥显著增加了面粉蛋白质含量、GMP含量和湿面筋含量,分别比对照增加9.24%、14.94%和12.30%。拔节期、孕穗期和花后5d喷硼处理SDS-沉降值分别比对照增加9.84%、15.73%和11.91%。喷施硼肥降低了面粉直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量。在拔节期、孕穗期和花后5d喷施硼肥后,总淀粉含量分别比对照降低6.15%、13.68%和4.36%。施用硼肥对小麦籽粒产量和品质有显著影响,孕穗期喷施硼肥的效果最为明显。

Boron is one of the necessary micronutrient elements for crop growth.The effect of boron fertilizer on yield of wheat grain and flour quality was studied by spraying boron fertilizer at different growth stages.Wheat cultivar“Zhongmai 895”was used as material,a field experiment was conducted in wheat growing season in 2019-2020.Four treatments were set up,namely spraying boron fertilizer at jointing stage(S1),at booting stage(S2)and 5 days after anthesis(S3),CK(spraying water).The results showed that after spraying of boron fertilizer under treatments of S2 and S3,the grain yield of wheat increased significantly by 8.35% and 5.65%,respectively.Spraying of boron fertilizer under treatment of S2 significantly increased the protein content,GMP content and wet gluten content by 9.24%,14.94% and 12.30%,respectively.The SDS sedimentation value of boron spraying treatment under treatments of S1,S2 and S3 increased 9.84%,15.73% and 11.91%,respectively.Spraying of boron fertilizer reduced the contents of amylose,amylopectin and total starch.After spraying of boron fertilizer under treatments of S1,S2 and S3,the total starch content decreased by 6.15%,13.68% and 4.36%,respectively.The application of boron fertilizer has a significant effect on wheat grain yield and quality,and the effect of spraying boron fertilizer at booting stage is the most obvious.