重大传染病防治的伦理反思

Ethical Reflection on the Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases

新冠肺炎大流行已经让无数人认识到了重大传染病的危害,也更让人意识到了医疗资源作为战略资源的稀缺性和有限性。传统意义上,医疗资源是基于受益最大化、先来后到、公平和透明合理决策原则进行配置的。但是新冠肺炎大流行打破了这项规则,使得医疗资源在不堪重负的情况下出现了艰难取舍。通过探讨新冠肺炎大流行期间稀缺医疗资源的分配标准和患者分类法,解释无效治疗的形成原因,分析新冠疫情暴发高峰期的医院应对措施和基本原则,提出分类治疗和集体协商决策,提升治疗的效率。

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has made numerous people realize the danger of major infectious diseases,as well as the scarcity and finiteness of medical resources as strategic resources.Traditionally,medical resources are allocated based on the principles of benefit maximization,first come,first served,fairness and transparent and reasonable decision-making.Nevertheless,the COVID-19 pandemic broke this rule,and made it difficult to choose in the condition of overwhelmed medical resources.By exploring the allocation criteria of scarce medical resources and the triage,this paper explains the formation reasons of futile treatment,analyzes the countermeasures and basic principles for hospitals at the peak of pandemic,proposes the triage treatment and collective decision-making,so as to improve the efficiency of treatment.