论萨特现象学本体论视域的个体存在及其自由的思维逻辑

Research on the Individual Existence and Free-Thinking Logic of Sartre's Phenomenological Ontology

萨特在第二次世界大战期间通过文学、戏剧作品表现人生抗争的基础上,自觉承接欧陆现代哲学从“我思”向“我在”思维转向的使命,超越近代理性主义哲学的思辨方法,应用胡塞尔现象学还原和本质直观的方法,紧跟海德格尔深度关注“孤独个人”的存在,构筑起现象学本体论层面个人存在及其自由追求的人道主义思想体系,直面人生在世的阴暗面的负面情绪体验,以“严峻的乐观主义”鼓励人们为追求“绝对自由”的先天权利而勇敢采取行动,并完全对应地为其后果承担责任。

On the basis of expressing the struggle of life through literature and drama during the Second World War,Sartre consciously undertook the mission of modern European Philosophy from"I think"to"I am",transcended the speculative method of modern rationalist philosophy,applied Husserl's phenomenological method of returning to the original and intuitive essence,followed Heidegger's deep concern about the existence of"lonely individual",and constructed a harmonious society.We should build a phenomenological ontological humanitarianism system of individual existence and its pursuit of freedom,face the negative emotional experience of the dark side of life,encourage people to take actions bravely for the pursuit of"absolute freedom"and take responsibility for its consequences.