果戈里《外套》中的虚幻手法探微

A Probe into the Unreal Techniques in Gogol's Coat

果戈里向来被看作是19世纪现实主义的先驱,他同时代的批评家认为他的作品生动呈现了俄罗斯人的生活百态,并且对社会提出了尖锐的批判。但大部分批评家对其的研究多半注重他的现实层面。小说《外套》的主角阿卡基·阿卡基耶维奇即是俄国现实主义文学中典型的“小人物”之一。然而现代学者认为果戈里的作品中也含有许多虚幻的手法与成分。该文旨在以《外套》为例,研究其如何通过叙述者(сказ)的口吻、夸大扭曲的空间描述和多重联想的主角形象塑造等手法,将原本现实的情节虚幻荒诞化,使读者产生另一种阅读诠释的意义。

Known as the pioneer of the realism in 19 century,contemporary critics believed that Gogol's works vividly presented the different lives of Russians and sharply criticized the social problems.But most critics laid their emphasize on his reality parts.For example,the main character in his novel"The Coat",Akaky Akakiyevich is a typical"small potato"in Russian Realistic Literature.However,modern scholars also think that there are many unreal techniques and elements in Gogol's works.This paper aims at studying the techniques that how to describe the story through the tone of narrators(сказ)and how to build the image of the main character through the exaggerated and distorted space description and multiple imagination,which turns the original real plot into unreal,and let the readers get other reading interpretation.