不及卢家有莫愁——浅析《长恨歌》中贵妃形象的悲剧性

Not as Bad as the Lu Family——Analysis on the Tragedy of the Image of Imperial Concubine in The Song of Everlasting Regret

《长恨歌》由于意蕴内涵的丰富性、人物身份的独特性、虚实结合的叙事手法,问世1200余年来人们对它的探究从未停止,关于其主题说的争论尤为激烈,包括讽刺说、爱情说、感伤说、隐事说、双重主题说、多重主题说等。其中主张李杨悲剧的爱情说,一直是重要观点之一,且接受者甚多。相对于李杨故事的悲剧,诗文更凸显的是贵妃的个人悲剧。《长恨歌》中白居易塑造了一个至美的贵妃形象,又从宫中获宠、红颜惨死、仙山受困3个方面分别描写贵妃错失爱情、痛失生命和永失自由,展现了人物的悲惨命运。通过对美好事物彻底毁灭的展示,升华了诗歌的悲剧性。

Due to the richness of connotation,the unique identity of the characters,and the narrative technique of combining reality and fiction,Song of Everlasting Regret has been explored for more than 1,200 years since its publication.The debate on its theme has been particularly fierce,including irony theory,love theory,sentimental theory,hidden matter theory,dual theme theory,multiple theme theory,etc.Among them,the love theory that advocates Li and Yang's tragedy has always been one of the important points,and it has received by many people.Compared with the tragedy of Li and Yang's story,the poem highlights the personal tragedy of the imperial concubine.In"Song of Everlasting Regret",Bai Juyi portrays a most beautiful image of the imperial concubine,and describes the imperial concubine's loss of love,loss of life and eternal loss of freedom from the three aspects of being favored in the palace,the tragic death of the confidant,and the loss of freedom forever,showing the tragic destiny of the characters.Through the display of the complete destruction of beautiful things,the tragic nature of poetry is sublimated.