论经济发展是否可以替代文化需求--关于翁丁佤族旧宅新房的人类学考察

Research on Whether Economic Development Can Replace Cultural Needs--An Anthropological Study of the Old and New Houses of the Wa People in Wengding

翁丁古寨被云南省人民政府公布为云南省第一批非物质文化遗产保护名录后,独居深山的翁丁佤族人便不再与世隔绝。政府、媒体和社会公众的关注将“中国最后的原始村落”也卷入了现代化的潮流之中,博物馆、标本化的保护模式,让草屋中的“原始人”住进了现代楼房,用上了现代设备。但缺少过渡期的空降式的现代化转型,居民对本族文化的理性认识超越了经济上喜新厌旧的感性认识,使翁丁佤族开始对“新房”及其附带的改变产生排斥与失落感,“老宅”的认同与归属感又始终作用强烈,建筑所凝固的文化与宗教的意义在搬迁中得以凸显,文化的力量在经济面前得到了新的体现。

Wengding ancient village has been listed as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage protection list of Yunnan Province by Yunnan Provincial People's government,Wengding Wa people who live alone in the deep mountains are no longer isolated from the world.The attention of the government,the media and the public has brought"the last primitive village in China"into the trend of modernization.The museum and the specimen protection mode enable the"primitive people"in the thatched cottage to live in modern buildings and use modern equipment.However,due to the lack of the airborne modernization transformation in the transitional period,residents'rational understanding of their own culture has surpassed the perceptual knowledge of the economy,which makes the Wa people in Wengding begin to reject and lose the"new house"and the changes attached to it.The identity and belonging of the old house always play a strong role,and the cultural and religious significance of the building is highlighted in the relocation the power of transformation has been reflected in the face of economy.