新型职业农民培育效能如何提升——基于学习特征的分析

How to Improve the Cultivation Efficiency of New Vocational Peasants:Based on the Analysis of Learning Characteristics

后扶贫时代,实施乡村振兴战略、实现共同富裕,亟需培育生产经营型新型职业农民。文章基于“教学做合一”的基本理论,针对“新型职业农民是如何学习的”这一关键问题,从学习类型、学习情境、学习内容以及学习互动形式等维度对其学习特征进行全面剖析,探索学习在职业发展过程中的变化,从而为提升培育效能提供依据。研究发现:新型职业农民的学习类型主要包括基于直接经验、社会网络认知以及问题解决的探索性学习;在学习情境中,其经历了从“强烈的外部支持需求”过渡到“指导与支持作用逐渐隐退”,最终发展到“主宰自己学习的学习者导向”阶段;学习内容主要从单一浅层走向多元深入,学习形式则是从机械走向灵活的发展状态;学习互动经历了“基于累积过程的学习”到“实践中的经验反思”“系统的职业培训”等互动,最终呈现“合作学习”及“素质提升职业培训”等学习形式偏好。基于此,从培育体系完善、培育价值提升、培育需求差异等方面提出新型职业农民培育效能提升路径。

In the post-poverty alleviation era,to implement the rural revitalization strategy and achieve common prosperity,it is urgent to cultivate new vocational peasants of production and operation type. Aiming at how the new vocational peasants learn in the career development process,the characteristics of the learning stage are analyzed from the dimensions of the learning situation,learning content and learning interaction form. The study found that the entrepreneurial learning types of new vocational peasants include direct experience-based learning, social network-based cognitive learning, and problem-solving-based exploratory learning;in the learning context,the new vocational peasants experienced a transition from“strong external support needs”to“gradual retreat of the role of guidance and support”,and eventually developed into a“learner-oriented”dominating their own learning;the main content of the learning from a single shallow level to a multi-depth,the interactive form is from a mechanical to a flexible development state;the learning and interactive form has experienced interactions from“learning based on cumulative process”to“experience reflection in practice”and“systematic vocational training”. Preferences such as“cooperative learning”and“quality improvement vocational training”are presented. Based on the learning characteristics of new vocational peasants,the cultivation path is proposed from the aspects of perfect cultivation system,cultivation value enhancement,and cultivation needs differences.