论英国近代前期乌托邦的多样化和阶级属性的多元性

On the Variety of English Utopianism and Diversity of Class Attributes in Early Modern Age

英国近代前期乌托邦作品具有多样化特点。陆续出现过“开心乐土”“阿卡迪亚”“完美道德之邦”“乌托邦”和“千禧年”等多种模式和名称。经过数百年的筛选,以“乌托邦”最为流行。在题材上则有政论、游记文学和诗歌等。与乌托邦模式、题材多样化并行的是其阶级属性的多元性。这是由于乌托邦思想的阐发者和代言人,有着形形色色的社会背景和阶级面貌,他们作为知识精英,代表着不同阶级和群体的利益,有着不同的立场和视角,表达出对不同社会问题的多样化关注,设想或试图建立不同模式的理想社会。

The utopian works in the early modern England have different characteristics. Various models and Names have appeared successively, such as Cockaygne, Arcadia, Perfect Moral Commonwealth, Millennium, etc. After hundreds of years of screening, at last Utopia is the most popular parallel to the variety of utopia models is the diversity of their class attributes. This is because of these utopia thought and spokesperson exposition, with all kinds of social background and class viewpoint, as a knowledge elite, they represent the interests of different classes and groups, have different position and perspectives, expresses the diversity of different social problems concerned, idea or trying to build different pattern of ideal society.