转型期明清中国货币的结构性使用方案及其局限

The Plan and Its Limits of the Structural Currencies in Ming-Qing China during the Modern Transformation in the World

新大陆被发现后,欧洲各国逐渐走向近代资本主义,并以本位制和信用货币制度的建立实现货币制度的近代转型。本文从中西比较的视角,以本位制和信用货币制度为参照,考察与转型期的西方处于相同时期的明清中国在铜钱、纸币和白银货币的组合使用上的思想及局限,从货币思想及政策方案上探讨中西分流的路径;同时,考察中国在18世纪陷入中西分流落后一极在货币制度设计的微观层面及其映射出来的宏观层面国家制度建设上的缺失和原因,以传统中国的思想材料丰富我们对于货币理论的认识。

The discovery of the New World led to the modern transformation of Europe,and it realized the modern transformation of monetary system with the establishment of standard system and credit monetary system.This paper,from a comparative perspective between China and the West,taking monetary standard system and credit monetary system as the reference,investigates the thoughts and limitations of the combined use of copper money,paper money and silver money in Ming-Qing China,which was in the same period as the west in the transition period,and probes into the path of the divergence between China and the West in this field.Moreover,this paper investigates the defects and causes of China’s falling into the gap in the divergence in the 18 th century in the micro level of monetary system design,and its mapping from the macro level of national institution shaping,so as to enrich our understanding of monetary theory with the traditional Chinese thought resource.