肿瘤患者的运动疗法应用进展和作用机制

Progress and mechanism of exercise therapy in cancer patients

恶性肿瘤预后差,死亡率高,严重危害人类健康。传统的肿瘤治疗方式以手术、放疗和化疗为主,但患者仍面临肿瘤复发威胁,并常伴随不良的生活质量、受损的身体功能以及显著的焦虑抑郁情绪。运动疗法,是肿瘤患者最易行、最方便的预后改善措施之一,被诸多肿瘤康复指南所推荐。身体锻炼一方面可以增强心肺功能与蛋白质合成,改善生理技能,增加生理储备;另一方面,还有助于改善体内代谢与免疫平衡,并在体内创造抑癌环境。运动疗法是肿瘤康复的重要方式,无论患者处于肿瘤围手术期、放化疗期间或伴随恶液质或肌肉减少症等疾病均适用。选择科学合理的运动方案,适当的运动频率与强度,可以显著改善患者的营养状态、帮助患者更好地完成抗肿瘤治疗、减少并发症、提高肿瘤患者的生活质量,甚至延长生存时间。本文将围绕运动疗法在肿瘤患者中的临床应用进展进行综述。

Malignant cancers have a poor prognosis and high mortality rate,and pose a serious risk to human health.Traditional oncology treatment is based on surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,but patients still face the threat of cancer recurrence and are often accompanied by poor quality of life,impaired physical function,and significant anxiety and depression.Exercise therapy,one of the most accessible and convenient prognostic improvement treatment for cancer patients,is recommended by many oncology rehabilitation guidelines.On the one hand,physical exercise can enhance cardiopulmonary function and protein synthesis,improve physiological skills and increase physiological reserves;on the other hand,it can also help improve metabolic and immune balance,and create an anti-cancer microenvironment.Exercise therapy is an important form of cancer rehabilitation and is suitable for patients regardless of whether they are in the peri-operative period,during radiotherapy or with diseases such as cachexia or sarcopenia.Choosing a scientific and reasonable exercise program with appropriate frequency and intensity can significantly improve the nutritional status of patients,help them better complete their anti-cancer therapy,reduce complications,improve their quality of life and even prolong their survival time.This article will review the progress of clinical application of exercise therapy in oncology patients.