抗战时期马克思主义史家对中国社会停滞性问题的论争--从《毛泽东选集》一处改动说起

Marxist Discussion on China’s Social Stagnation in the Anti-Japanese War

1952年毛泽东对《中国革命和中国共产党》一处表述作了修改,删去中国封建社会发展停滞的说法,这与抗战时期马克思主义史家关于中国社会停滞性问题的论争有关。这场论争一方面源于国际史学思潮的冲击,如魏特夫的“治水社会”理论,埃德加·斯诺便接受其学说,或对中共有所影响;另一方面,抗战形势要求中国史家必须回应为侵华战争辩护的史学观点,秋泽修二关于中国社会停滞性的理论正是其代表,中国马克思主义史家对其展开批判;抗战时期中共开展整风运动,引导马克思主义史家的中国历史书写开始以民族主义为取向。关于中国历史上异族统治的评价问题,日本学者认为异族入侵推动中国历史发展,中国马克思主义史家则认为这种观点是为日本侵华服务。回溯海外“中国社会停滞性”的理论渊源,以及中国学者对这一理论的批判,在中国具有重要的现实意义和学术价值。

In 1952,Mao Zedong revised his article"Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party".He deleted the expression concerning the stagnation of China’s feudal society,a debate developed during the anti-Japanese War.On the one hand,this debate was influenced by the international historiography,such as Wittfogel’s theory.Edgar Snow accepted Wittfogel’s view and passed it on to Mao Zedong.On the other hand,some Japanese historians argued that China was a stagnant society,which justified Japan’s invasion of China.Chinese historians had to respond to and criticize such views.CPC’s Rectification Movement guided the Marxist historians to write Chinese history with nationalism.As to the alien rule in Chinese history,Japanese scholars argued that it stimulated the development of Chinese history,while Chinese Marxist historians believed that the Japanese scholars’standpoint served for the Japanese invasion.It is of great importance to review the theoretical origin of the"China stagnation"and the Chinese response to it.