二战期间东欧“被识别”犹太儿童的秘密教育活动初探

The Secret Education of"Identified"Jewish Children in Eastern Europe during World WarⅡ

二战期间,东欧犹太隔都和集中营中的犹太儿童遭受到了前所未有的浩劫与苦难。得益于犹太教育家和知识分子的努力,隔都中秘密兴办的世俗学校、宗教学校和职业培训学校给犹太儿童提供了学习知识、文化和技能的场所,音乐、绘画、戏剧和游戏等新的教育形式则在集中营中得到广泛应用。这一时期的犹太秘密教育采用了以培养犹太儿童民族认同感和责任感为目标的人文主义教育理念,它作为犹太精神抵抗运动的一部分,不仅缓解了大屠杀带给犹太儿童的创伤与恐惧,也较好地保存和发展了战前东欧犹太教育及文化遗产。

During World WarⅡ,Jewish children in Ghettos and concentration camps in Eastern Europe suffered unprecedented havoc.However,due to the efforts of Jewish educators and intellectuals,secular,religious and vocational training schools were set up secretly in Ghettos,thus providing Jewish children with knowledge,culture,and skills.In the meantime,forms such as music,painting,drama,and games were widely adopted in such an education.Furthermore,during this period,the Jewish secret education aimed at cultivating children’s national identity and responsibility.As a part of the Jewish spiritual resistance movement,it not only eased Jewish children’s trauma and fear brought about by the Holocaust,but also preserved and developed the pre-war Jewish educational and cultural heritage in Eastern Europe.