独立初期坦桑尼亚政府公职人员的非洲化论析(1961—1965)

The Africanization of Tanzania Officials in the Early Stage of Independence(1961—1965)

公职人员非洲化是非洲前殖民地国家走向独立、从深层次摆脱殖民统治的一次重要实践,一定程度上也是非洲民族主义的一个重要维度,研究非洲化对我们把握当代非洲民族主义历史发展脉络依然具有重要现实意义。坦噶尼喀(坦桑尼亚)走向自治时,政府中绝大多数中高级公职人员职位依然由外国官员担任。在尼雷尔看来,留任一部分经验丰富的殖民官员对国家经济计划制定、政治制度完善、确保新生国家的良好运行依然有其必要性。但这在国内激起了轩然大波,反对党、工会联盟、国会议员纷纷要求用非洲人取代政府各级机构中的外国人,以满足广大非洲人民对“公平”的诉求。

The Africanization of officials was an important practice for the former colonial states of Africa to move toward independence,get rid of colonial rule,and cultivate African nationalism.The study of Africanization is thus of great significance for us to understand the making of contemporary African nationalism.When Tanganyika moved toward self-governance,most of the middle and senior civil service positions were still held by foreigners.In Nyerere’s view,employing some experienced colonial officials was necessary to better plan the country’s economy,improve its political system,and ensure the smooth function of the new nation.But this aroused great chaos in the country,with parties in opposition,trade unions and Members of the Parliament demanding that foreigners be replaced by Africans at all levels of the government in order to meet the growing African demand for fairness.