旧金山湾区共建共享的智慧交通生态圈研究

A Study of the San Francisco Bay Area’s Co-built and Shared Smart Transportation Ecosystem

旧金山湾区依傍其科技环境,一直为全球城市运行数字化的先锋城市。本文基于阿明扎德的政策内稳态概念与豪列特的政策系统层级模式,选取旧金山湾区发展智慧交通生态圈作为分析对象;通过对旧金山近几年的城市愿景规划、美国“智慧城市挑战赛”倡议书、移动趋势报告等官方政策文件的梳理,总结旧金山智慧交通生态圈的五层逻辑图谱(国家、区域、城市、社区和居民)、生态圈各层次的功能特点以及不同生态圈层次和主体共建共享的机制;并说明旧金山智慧交通生态圈如何助力解决交通拥堵问题以及推动政企合作。旧金山智慧交通生态圈对中国大型城市建设智慧交通的启示为坚持问题导向、结合土地规划、推动数据共享、完善数据衔接、关注供需两侧反馈。

The San Francisco Bay Area has been pioneering the digitization of global urban operations on the strength of its scientific and technological environment.This paper assesses the development of smart transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area,starting out from San Francisco’ s recently proposed plans and visions,the US "Smart City Challenge" proposal,the "Mobile Trend Report 2018" and related official documents.The paper draws up a logical map of the San Francisco smart transportation ecosystem,covering the state,regional,municipal,community and individual levels,and elaborates on the functioning of each levels and the mechanisms of co-construction and sharing.The paper tries to illustrate the role and impact of the San Francisco’ s smart transportation ecosystem,how it helps to solve traffic congestion,and how it facilitates the cooperation between government and enterprises.It also discusses the implications for the construction of smart transportation in large cities in China.