交流电弧等离子体炬及其应用的研究进展

Research progress on AC arc plasma torch and its application

电弧等离子体因其高温、高能量密度、高活性等特点广泛应用于冶金、化工、能源环保以及航空航天等领域。目前,产生电弧等离子体主要采用直流或交流电源等驱动方式。由于交流电弧等离子体技术与其他方式相比,具有较低的装备开发与运行成本、较长的电极使用寿命以及较高的热效率等优势,在工业应用领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了国内外多家研究机构在交流电弧等离子体技术和装备开发以及工业应用方面的最新研究进展,详细阐述了不同类型交流电弧等离子体炬的结构特点、电弧特性及其影响因素以及不同电极材料的烧蚀特性,同时,对于交流电弧等离子体炬在碳纳米材料的制备以及固体废弃物的热处理等方面的应用情况进行了详细的阐述,获得了不同类型交流电弧等离子体炬的工作特性和应用效果。

Arc plasma technology is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, energy and environmental protection, aerospace and other fields because of its high temperature, high energy density and high activity. At present, arc plasma is mainly driven by DC or AC power supply. Compared with other methods,AC arc plasma technology has the advantages of lower equipment development and operation cost, longer electrode service life and higher thermal efficiency, it has a wide application prospect in the field of industrial application. In this paper, the latest research progress of several research institutions at home and abroad in the development of AC arc plasma torches and their industrial applications was reviewed, and the structural characteristics, arc characteristics and their influencing factors of different types of AC arc plasma torches as well as the ablation characteristics of different electrode materials were described in detail. Meanwhile, the application of AC arc plasma torch in the preparation of carbon nano materials and the thermal treatment of solid wastes are expounded, and the working characteristics and application effects of different types of AC arc plasma torch are obtained.