海底大地基准建设技术及其研究进展

Research Progress of Seafloor Geodetic Datum Construction Technology

海底大地基准网将是新一代国家综合PNT(Positioning, Navigation and Timing)系统建设的重要组成,也是未来海洋立体观测系统的基础设施。联合全球卫星导航定位系统和声学测距的GNSS-声学定位技术可用于高精度水下定位,直接服务于海底大地基准网建设。本文聚焦海底大地基准建设技术,简要梳理了国内外水下声学导航定位技术及系统背景,分析总结了海底大地基准建设的站址勘选及布放技术要点,在讨论GNSS-声学观测平台和数据采集技术基础上,重点探讨了GNSS-声学定位的数据处理方法研究进展,最后简单介绍了GNSS-声学的当前主要应用并展望了未来海底大地基准建设的技术需求和应用问题。

Seafloor geodetic datum network will be an important component of the new generation of national comprehensive PNT(Positioning,Navigation and Timing)system construction and the infrastructure of the future marine stereoscopic observation system.Global Navigation Satellite System-Acoustic(GNSS-Acoustic)technology can be used for high-precision underwater positioning and directly serves the construction of the submarine geodetic datum network.Focusing on the seafloor geodetic datum construction technology,this work summarizes the underwater acoustic navigation and positioning technologies and systems,and the key points of the station site selection and its deployment and recycling for the construction of seafloor geodetic datum are also analyzed.Based on the discussion of the GNSS-Acoustic observation platform and data acquisition,the research progress of the data processing methods of GNSS-Acoustic positioning is emphasized.Finally,the current main applications of GNSS-Acoustic positioning are briefly summarized,and the technical requirements and application problems of future seafloor geodetic datum construction are presented.