SiO_(2)气凝胶纤维复合材料制备及其在建筑节能领域应用的进展

Review of SiO_(2) aerogel fiber composites and its application of building thermal insulation

主要综述了近几年气凝胶纤维复合材料的制备方法,以及其在管道、墙体保温领域的应用。制备方法分为两大类:一是气凝胶颗粒直接加入纤维,可在纺丝原液或母粒中加入,也可在纤维成网后加固前加入,也可通过后整理的形式将气凝胶颗粒附着在纤维表面;二是气凝胶制备过程中,在溶胶凝胶阶段加入纤维,所添加的纤维根据纤维形式不同可分为短纤维、长纤维、纤维膜碎片、纤维预制体,根据纤维种类可分为无机纤维和有机纤维。管道、墙体等保温领域应用方面,SiO气凝胶毡/板应用厚度低于传统保温材料的一半,且节能率更高;与传统保温材料搭配使用,可有效降低材料成本。

The preparation methods of aerogel fiber composites and its application in pipe and wall insulation area are mainly reviewed.The preparation methods are divided into two categories.One is that aerogel particles are added into the fiber.They can be added in the spinning solution or masterbatch,and they can also be added between the procedure of net forming and reinforcement,or in the process of post finishing.The other is that fibers were added in the sol-gel stage.The added fibers can be divided into short fibers,long fibers,fiber membrane fragments,and fiber preforms according to its pattern.They can be divided into inorganic fibers and organic fibers according to its types.When it was used in the insulation fields such as pipe and walls,the thickness of SiOaerogel felt/board is smaller than half that of traditional insulation materials,and the energy saving rate is higher.The combination with aerogels and traditional insulation materials can effectively reduce the cost.