数字经济对中小企业就业需求及结构的影响——基于深圳主板上市公司的经验证据

Impact of Digital Economy on Employment Demand and Structure of SMEs:Empirical Evidence Based on Companies Listed on the Shenzhen Main Board

文章聚焦中小企业,基于2012—2020年企业面板数据,采用固定效应模型、中介效应模型以及两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS),探究数字经济对中小企业就业需求及结构的影响。研究结果表明:从长期来看,数字经济具有显著的就业创造效应,中小企业数字化水平每提高1%将促使就业需求增加13.7%;在异质性方面,数字经济对中小企业就业需求的影响存在显著异质性,一线城市企业和制造业企业就业需求总量增加更加明显,而非一线城市企业和服务业企业就业结构受到影响更大;在作用机制方面,数字化水平通过影响中小企业内部经营效率和外部经营范围共同作用于就业需求,且数字化水平通过扩大经营范围对就业需求产生的影响大于经营效率产生的影响。

This paper focuses on SMEs.Based on the enterprise panel data from 2012 to 2020,it uses fixed effect model,intermediary effect model,and two-stage least squares(2SLS)to explore the impact of digital economy on the employment demand and structure of SMEs.The research results show that in the long run,the digital economy has a significant employment creation effect.Every 1%increase in the digital level will increase the employment demand by 13.7%;in terms of heterogeneity,there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of digital economy on the employment demand of SMEs.The total employment demand of enterprises in first tier cities and manufacturing enterprises has increased more significantly,while the employment structure of enterprises in non first tier cities and service enterprises has been more affected;in terms of mechanism,the digital level affects the employment demand by influencing the internal business efficiency and the external business scope of SMEs,and the impact of digital level on the employment demand by expanding the business scope is greater than that of the business efficiency.