马克思正义观对资本主义的批判:基于罗尔斯“马克思讲座”的思考

Capitalistic Criticism of Marx’s Justice View:A thinking Based on Rawls’ “Marx’s Lectures”

马克思正义观是在对资本主义批判的过程中逐渐展开的。马克思认为,解决资本主义中的正义问题只能依靠建立“完全共产主义社会”,因此,罗尔斯为改良资本主义而提出的“制度安排”在马克思那里其实是失灵的。这也表明,对于马克思正义观将“资本主义谴责为不正义”这一论点,应着力从广义的正义概念来理解,由此马克思对资本主义制度不正义所进行的分析是整体性思考。马克思正义观在批判资本主义的过程中所倡导建立的“完全共产主义社会”,本质上是一个已经超越了正义与权利的社会。

Marx’s view of justice was gradually developed in the process of criticizing capitalism.Marx believed that the solution to the problem of justice in capitalism can only rely on the establishment of a “completely Communist society”,so the “institutional arrangement” proposed by Rawls to improve capitalism actually failed in Marx.This also shows that the argument that Marx’s view of justice condemns capitalism as injustice should be understood from the perspective of the concept of justice in a broad sense.Marx’s analysis on the injustice of the capitalist system is a holistic thinking.In the process of criticizing capitalism, Marx’s concept of justice finally advocated the establishment of a “complete Communist society”,which is essentially a society that has transcended justice and rights.