民族旅游小镇地方性生产的阶段性“蝶变”及特征研究--以云南省大理市双廊镇为例

Study on the Phased“Butterfly Change”and the Characteristics of the Production of Placeness in Ethnic Tourism Towns:A Case Study of Shuanglang Town in Dali City in Yunnan Province

以地方性生产为主线、以大理市双廊镇为研究对象,采用历时性研究法,以标志性事件为断裂点将其发展分为初始期、探索期、剧烈变化期及整改提升期4个阶段,解析不同阶段地方性生产特征、效应及其发生机理。结果表明:民族旅游小镇地方性生产的主要力量是地方政府引导及新移民地方实践。初始期是政府主导下的官方塑造与自在呈现;发展期政府对地方景观建设有所引导,市场化、资本化力量逐渐介入;剧烈变化期在资本掌控下旅游情境中的地方性生产出现无序状态,政府规制效力甚微;整改提升期多重政策叠加优势显著,政府逐步建立起有力的话语体系、规制框架与行动方案,地方性彰显与生态保护、艺术气息注入、旅游服务设施建设、传统文化复振一道共轭,呈现出良性“蝶变”态势。在经济欠发达的民族旅游小镇,民族文化与时尚文化的创造性转化以及政府对旅游开发的理性管控起重要作用。

This research attempted to take the production of placeness as the main line,and took Shuanglang Town in Dali for the empirical research,applied the diachronic study method,and considered the landmark event as the basis to divide the“butterfly change”into four stages,namely the initial stage,the exploring stage,severe changing stage and rectification and promotion stage.Then,the characteristics,effects,and occurrence mechanism of the placeness production at different stages under the intervention of multi-subjects are analyzed.The research showed that the main forces of placeness production in ethnic tourism towns is the local government guidance and the place practice of new immigrants.The placeness of Shuanglang in the initial period is determined by the official shaping of local government and freely presentation of the authentic original condition.In the explorating period,the government has guided the local landscape construction to some degree,and the marketization and capitalization forces have some intervention on Shuanglang,and the government has not intervened too much.In the severe changing period,the placeness display and tourism development of Shuanglang has completely entered the disordered state of capital control,and the government regulation has achieved little effect.In the rectification and promotion period under the superposition of multiple policy opportunities with significant advantages,the departments in charge at all levels of Shuanglang has gradually established a powerful discourse system,regulatory framework and plans for action.The placeness demonstration has shown a‘butterfly change’together with the ecological protection of Erhai lake,the importation of art atmosphere,the improvement of tourism infrastructure construction and public services and the revitalization of Bai traditional culture.In the less developed ethnic tourism towns,it is necessary for realizing the combination and creative transformation of ethnic culture and fashion culture,and it is vital for the government to intervene in tourism development and management.