河北崇礼东沟流域立地类型划分及其植被配置

Site type division and vegetation allocation in Donggou watershed of Chongli,Heibei province

河北崇礼区东沟流域植被的合理配置对绿色冬奥意义重大。明确流域土壤水分主要影响因子并据此进行立地类型划分,有助于该区域植被的合理配置。本文通过野外实地调查分析东沟流域不同坡度、坡向及土壤类型的土壤水分特征差异,研究了影响土壤水分的主导立地因子,并利用遥感技术进行流域立地类型划分,探讨了该流域内不同立地类型的植被配置。结果如下:1)按照“坡向-坡度-土壤类型”的命名方式,东沟流域被划分为32种立地类型。2)流域内的粗骨土和栗钙土、褐土与棕壤的初始含水量不存在显著差异,粗骨土与栗钙土、褐土、棕壤土的有效含水量有显著差异(P<0.05);平坡(0~5°)、缓坡(>5°~15°)、斜坡(>15°~25°)、陡坡(>25°)4个坡度的初始含水量和有效含水量均无显著差异(P<0.05);阴坡的初始含水量(15.26±3.09)%,优于阳坡(10.99±3.02)%,阴坡的有效含水量(30.59±4.62)%优于阳坡(22.83±5.11)%。3)划分立地类型中,陡坡立地类型组以耐旱的水土保持林种为主,灌草为辅,减少水土流失;斜坡立地类型组根据水热条件种植经济林、用材林;缓坡和平地立地类型组应合理规划农业用地。坡向、土壤类型等为影响土壤水分特征变化的主要立地因子,通过流域立地类型划分可以为该流域内的植被的合理营建提供理论支持。

[Background]The rational allocation of vegetation in Donggou Watershed in Chongli district of Hebei province is of great significance to the Green Winter Olympics.Making clear the main influencing factors of soil moisture in the watershed and classifying the site types accordingly are conducive to the rational allocation of vegetation.[Methods]In this paper,the differences of soil moisture characteristics in different slope,aspect and soil types in Donggou watershed were analyzed by field investigation,the dominant site factors affecting soil moisture were studied,and the watershed site types were classified by remote sensing technology,and the vegetation configuration of different site types in the watershed was discussed.[Results]1)According to the“slope aspect-slope-soil type”naming method,Donggou watershed is divided into 32 site types.2)There was no significant difference in the initial moisture content between Chestnut and Skeleton,Cinnamon and Brunisolic,but there was significant difference in the effective moisture content between Chestnut,Cinnamon,Brunisolic and that of Skeleton(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the initial moisture content and effective moisture content of flat(0-5°),gentle(>5°-15°),incline(>15°-25°),steep slope(>25°)(P<0.05).The initial moisture content(15.26±3.09)%of the shady slope was better than that of the sunny slope(10.99±3.02)%,and the effective moisture content(30.59±4.62)%of the shady slope was better than that of the sunny slope(22.83±5.11)%.3)For the steep slope site types,the drought-tolerant soil and water conservation forest species were mainly chosen,taking shrub and grass as supplement to reduce soil and water loss.The incline slope was planted economic forest and timber forest according to the hydrothermal conditions.The group of gentle and flat slope groups should reasonably be planned to be agricultural land.[Conclusions]Slope aspect and soil type are the main site factors that affect soil water characteristics,and the classification of site types can provide theoretical support for reasonable vegetation construction in the basin.