重塑生物武器关联行为的全球治理

Reshaping the Global Governance of Biological Weapons-related Behavior

生物武器的危害时间长、面积效应大,多具有传染性、隐蔽性强等特点,致使在研制、储存、使用生物武器的各个阶段都极易引发大规模传染病蔓延,威胁或损害一国甚至全球人民的生命健康。使用生物武器作战是对国际法的违背,防御目的不能抵消使用生物武器大规模杀伤对方平民的非人道行为,因此对研制、储存、使用生物武器等行为(简称生物武器关联行为)进行规制是紧迫且必要的。虽然国际社会早已认识到这个问题,从而形成了《生物武器公约》(简称《公约》),但《公约》的执行困境以及国际机制的失灵促使我们不得不寻找其他路径以达到禁止生物武器关联行为的目的。务实的做法是重塑生物武器关联行为的全球治理,将生物武器关联行为定性为危害人类罪,追究实施者个人责任,并对其进行国际追诉;辅之《公约》、国际机制、执法多面向的治理革新,从而维护全球生物安全与国际秩序。

Biological weapons have the characteristics of long time,large area effect,strong infectivity and concealment,which can easily lead to the spread of large-scale infectious diseases at all stages of the development,storage and use of biological weapons threaten or damage the lives and health of people in a country or even around the world.The use of biological weapons in combat is a violation of international law,and the purpose of defense cannot counteract the inhumane acts of using biological weapons to kill each other’s civilians on a large scale.Therefore,it is urgent and necessary to regulate the development,storage and use of biological weapons(hereinafter referred to as biological weapons related acts).Although the international community has long been aware of this problem,resulting in the Biological weapons Convention(hereinafter referred to as“the Convention”),however,the difficulties in the implementation of the Convention and the failure of international mechanisms have forced us to find other ways to achieve the purpose of prohibiting biological weapons-related acts.The pragmatic approach is to reshape the global governance of biological weapons-related acts,define biological weapons-related acts as crimes against humanity,hold the perpetrators personally responsible,and prosecute them internationally;supplemented by the Convention,international mechanisms,law enforcement multi-faceted governance innovation,so as to maintain global bio-safety and international order.